OLD SARUM
Salisbury, Wiltshire, England
 
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Old Sarum, Wiltshire, England         OS Map Grid Ref: SU137326
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Reconstruction of Old Sarum Old Sarum, standing a mile and a quarter to the north of the modern city and to the west side of the road to Amesbury was the original site of Salisbury. The site was abandoned by the clerics in the 13th century as they built their magnificent new cathedral church on the water meadows below. The castle itself, which dominated the mound was abandoned by the military in the 14th century.

One of the reasons for the moving the cathedral to its present site was the persistent infringement of the clerics' rights by the castellan - in the end, the clerics won out for the whole site was purchased by the Dean and Chapter of Salisbury Cathedral in 1849.

HISTORY

The origins of the vast mound on which Old Sarum stands are unknown but the Romans, who called it Sorbiodunum, made it the hub of their roads to Bath, Dorchester, Silchester and Winchester. The Saxons named it Searisbyrig after their own fashion and King Edgar held a Council here in 960. The Danish King Sweyn attacked Searisbyrig and burned it in the early 11th century and his son Cnut, more popularly known as Canute, is reputed to have died here in 1035.

Sarum superceded Sherborne to the west as the see in 1075 and it was under the second bishop here, Osmund (1078-99, a nominee of William (the Conqueror) I), that the cathedral church here was completed.

It was also during the time of The Conqueror that the great ditch in the north-western quarter was dug and the castle erected there as a stronghold from which to enforce Norman rule on the surrounding country.

The site was excavated between 1909 and 1913 by the Society of Antiquaries revealig the plans of the castle, cathedral and the mediaeval city which stood here.

With the departure of the church and clerics from the site in the 12th century and the abandonment of the fortifications in the 14th century, the site became all but delerict save for a few houses. Despite this it retained the privilege of returning two members of parliament until the passing of the Municipal Corporations Act in 1832 - and Act designed to deal with just such 'Rotten Buroughs'. So valuable was the right to nominate two members considered to be that ownership of this small estate was said to have changed hands for a staggering £ 60,000. The elections took place in a field where the last few houses of the borough stood.

The name Old Sarum is still encountered on milestone for many miles around and modern Salisbury is still frequently styled New Sarum in official documents.

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Time-Line

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960King Edgar holds a council at Old Sarum (Wilts.)
1035Death of King Canute of England
reputedly at Old Sarum, Wilts.)
1075The see of Wessex removed from Sherborne in Dorset to Old Sarum, Wilts.
1078Osmund appointed Bishop of Old Sarum
1099Death of Osmund, Bishop of Old Sarum
1849Dean and Chapter of Salisbury Cathedral buy Old Sarum
1909Society of Antiquaries begin excavation of Old Sarum, Wilts. (-1913)
1913Society of Antiquaries ends excavation of Old Sarum, Wilts. (1909-)

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