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ROMAN SOMERSET
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The County of Somerset     OS Map Grid Ref: ST721015

 The County of Somerset

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The Romans invaded Somerset as part of the invasion of the Britain in AD43 ordered by Claudius. The remains of Roman occupation are abundant in the county, especially between the rivers Avon and Parrett. The remains of about fifty villas and related structures have been discovered within the modern boundaries of Somerset.

At the time of the Roman conquest, Somerset was occupied by three Celtic tribes. The Durotriges occupied southern Somerset and Dorset. Under the Roman administration, their "civitas" or administrative capital was at Dorchester. They may have been a client kingdom under Roman rule. The Dobunni occupied northern Somerset and appear to have resisted the Romans with some vigour as the territory they occupied was administered from distant Winchester in Hampshire. The Dumnonii occupied Somerset to the west of the River Parrett and, of the three tribes offered most opposition to the Roman invasion. Because of the opposition to their conquest which the Romans encountered here, Somerset was heavily militarised during the early part of the occupation.

Bath, known to the Romans as "Aquae Sulis, was probably a settlement before the arrival of the legions. It became an important Roman settlement on account of the waters with medicinal properties there and it was here that a Roman road, the Fosse Way from Cirencester, met a road from Silchester. The Fosse way continued beyond Bath to near modern Seaton in Devon and an important 'station' on its route where it crossed the river Yeo was at Ilchester (Lindinae).

CORNWALL   DEVON   DORSET   HAMPSHIRE   ISLE OF WIGHT   SOMERSET   WILTSHIRE  

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Charterhouse in the Mendips, was a centre for the Roman lead and silver mining industries in the British Isles.

Coal and iron were also mined in Somerset. Other local industries included salt extraction, iron smelting and the production of glass and pewter.

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Because of the opposition of the Dobunni and the Dumnonii tribes, Somerset had a strong military presence during the early years of the Roman occupation. The Fosse Way may have been built as early as AD49 and connected forts at Charterhouse, Ham Hill, Ilchester, South Cadbury (Cadbury Castle) and Wiveliscombe. Forts may have existed at other places along its route in Somerset including Bath, Camerton and Shepton Mallet.

Silver and lead mining were rapidly established in the Mendips and centered on the settlement, protected by a fort, at Charterhouse. Lead pigs have been recovered from the area bearing the stamp of the 2nd Legion.

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