"Pilchard" is the collective name given to various small, oily fish of the herring family, Clupeidae, and particularly to the commercial sardine of Europe, Sardina pilchardus, and the California sardine, Sardinops sagax.
The Irish have a strong prejudice against the pilchard; they believe it to be an unlucky fish, and that it will rot the net that takes it. The Cornishmen do not think so, for they find the pilchard fishing to be a source of great wealth. The pilchards strike upon the Irish coast first before they reach Cornwall. When Mr. Brady, Inspector of Irish Fisheries, visited St. Ives a few years ago, he saw captured, in one seine alone, nearly ten thousand pounds of this fish.
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| - Men of Invention and Industry, Samuel Smiles, 1884 |
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| Cornwall |
| Cornish Coast |
| The Pilchard was the mainstay of the economy of many communities both large and small on the Cornish coast and so many of them were exported, packed in casks, during Tudor times that a statute was passed in 1584 forcing merchants to import an equivalent quantity of wood to that exported as casks. |
| Newlyn |
| Pilchard Works Heritage Museum |
| The working Factory Museum, open from Easter to October, is the sole remaining producer and exporter of traditional Cornish salted pilchards and shows the fascinating history of pilchard fishing in Cornwall; visitors can see the salting and pressing, and view photgraphs and paintings of Cornwall's pilchard industry both past and present. |
| Newquay |
| A medieval Huer's Hut stands above the clifftop; the Huer would watch out for shoals of pilchards entering the bay and direct the fishing boats to encircle them by means of a sort of semaphore. |
| Perranporth |
| So numerous were the pilchards in Perranporth Bay that four companies of fishermen vied for the catch in one of the three areas into which the bay was divided for fishing. The catch was hauled onto the foreshore where the receding tide could leave an acre covered in fish to the depth of a metre or more. |
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| Devon |
| Dartmouth |
| Having dined with a companion on pilchards for three farthings, Daniel Defoe recorded in his From London to Land's End that the merchants of Dartmouth "drive a good trade also in their own fishery of pilchards, which is hereabouts carried on with the greatest number of vessels of any port in the west, except Falmouth." |
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