swuklink: Sir Henry 'Harry Hotspur' Percy

Sir HENRY PERCY(Harry Hotspur Percy, c.1364-1403)

Born about 1364, Henry was the son of Henry Percy (1342-1408), 1st Earl of Northumberland and 4th Lord Percy of Alnwick. He earned the nickname of 'Hotspur' or 'Harry Hotspur' because of his impulsive nature.

He married Lady Elizabeth Mortimer, daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, and Phillipa, daughter of Lionel of Antwerp and grand-daughter of Edward III (1327-77).

Harry earned his reputation as a warrior fighting agains the Scots (he fought at the battle of Otterburn in 1388) and the French.

Although, with his father, he helped Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Lancaster depose Richard II in 1399 to seize the throne for himself, like his father, he rebelled against Henry IV. In 1403, Harry and his uncle Thomas Percy, Earl of Worcester allied themselves with the Welsh prince Owen Glendower but, befre the rebels could join forces, they were defeated and killed at the battle of Shrewsbury on July 21st and Harry Hotspur was killed.

Northumberland, Hotspur's father, had been a conspirator in the rebellion although he had not actually taken part in it. He was stripped of his office of Constable of England but escaped being charged with treason.

Richard II of England (1377-1399)

Henry IV of England (1399-1413)

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1388		English fight the Scots at the Battle of Otterburn
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1399.Sep.30		The exiled Henry Bolingbroke, duke of Lancaster, returns to England to recover the Lancastrian estates seized by the king but deposes Richard II with the support of the Percies and other nobles
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1399.Sep.30+		Deposition of Richard II, last Plantagenet king of England, by Henry, Duke of Lancaster who ruled as Henry IV (-1413) The imprisoned Richard was murdered, the first casualty of the Wars of the Roses
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1400		Owen Glendower revolts against Henry IV, declaring himself Prince of Wales
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1402.Sep.14		Battle of Homildon Hill: the northern English nobles led by Sir Henry Hotspur Percy defeat a Scottish raiding army under the Earl of Douglas
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1403		Percy, earl of Northuberland switches allegiance to Edmund Mortimer (1391-1425), 5th Earl of March, and conspires with Owen Glendower
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1403.Jul.21		The forces of Henry IV, led by his 16-year-old son Henry, defeated and killed Sir Henry Percy (Harry Hotspur) at Shrewsbury thus ending his rebellion The prince is nearly killed by an arrow lodged in his face. The Battle forms the climax of Shakespeare\'s play, Henry IV part 1
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