TREASON
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In England, the treason laws were used to suppress any resistance to government policy or the monarch and it was not reformed until the 19th century.

The punishment for treason was often an especially cruel death - conviction for treason was still, theoretically, punishable by death in Britain until 1998.

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Treasons Act, 1696
Statute of Treasons, 1350

The Statute of Treasons, 1350 distinguished "petty treason" (the murder of one's lawful superior, for example - such as when a wife killed her husband, or a servant his master) from "high treason". which covered acts that constituted a serious threat to the stability or continuity of the state, including attempts to kill the monarch, to counterfeit coins or to wage war against the kingdom.

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Treasons Act, 1696

Previous to the Treasons Act of 1696, most of the people accused of treason had been tried most unfairly, in many cases the trials resulted in little more than judicial murder.

The act provided protection for those unjustly accussed of treason but it's object was described by Burnet as "seemed to be to make men as safe in all treasonable practices as possible". It provided that;

  • The accussed should be furbished with a copy of the indictment five days, and a list of the jury two days, before the trial;
  • The accussed should be represented by counsel; and,
  • The accussed should be convicted on the evidence of not less than two witnesses.

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    House of Lords

    The Lords possessed an ancient right to be tried by their peers for felony or treason, a right which they surrendered in 1948.

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    1350Statute of Treasons; distinguishes petty treason from high treason
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    1388.FebParliament condemns the king\'s favourites as traitors
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    1403.Jul.21+Northumberland stripped of the office of Constable of England but escapes conviction for treason
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    1530.Nov.04Commissioners from the king arrest Wolsey at York on a charge of high treason
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    1534Treasons Act; made words or refusal to plead treasonable as well as overt ects
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    1536.MayAnne Boleyn accused of treason
    On charges of having used witchcraft to trap Henry VIII into marriage; enticing 5 men into adulterous affairs with her; of causing the king bodily harm and of conspiring to effect his death
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    1549.Mar.20Execution of Sir Thomas Seymour at the Tower of London for treason
    His execution brings disgrace upon Edward Seymour who was replaced as Lord Protector by John Dudley
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    1554.Mar.15Wyatt arraigned at Westminster of high treason, condemned and sentenced to death
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    1603.Nov.17Trial of Sir Walter Raleigh for treason begins in the of Winchester Castle
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    1648.Jan.19Cromwell accused of high treason by Lilburne
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    1649.Jan.30Execution of Charles I for treason outside the Banqueting House, Whitehall - beheaded by the hangman Richard Brandon
    Cromwell allowed the head to be sown back onto the body for the sake of the royal family
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    1696The Treasons Act provided some protection for the accused as many trials for treason had been judicial murders
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    1948The Lords surrender their ancient right to be tried by their peers for felony or treason
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    1998Treason ceases to be (theoretically) punishable by death

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    MURDER
    PRIMITIVE METHODS OF TRIAL
    TRIAL BY ORDEAL
    Peine Forte et Dure
    TRIAL BY JURY
    TREASON
    THE BLOODY ASSIZES>
      JUDGE GEORGE JEFFREYS   (1648-1689)
    EXECUTION
    THE REIGN OF HENRY VIII
      THOMAS CROMWELL (c.1485-1540)
      Elizabeth Barton, 'The Holy Maid of Kent '
    EDWARD VI
      THOMAS SEYMOUR ()
     

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